Sex Dimorphism in Obesity and the Impact of Estrogen Hormone Therapy on Cardiometabolic Health
Poor lifestyle or overnutrition induces obesity, which is closely associated with metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Moreover, obesity is usually accompanied by adipose tissue expansion/redistribution and dysfunction, metabolic inflammation (elevated endotoxin level in blood), and altered adipokines (endocrines from adipose tissue) secretion.