Concrete is the most widely used artificial material on earth, majorly comprising of Portland cement along with other materials such as fly ash, sand, slag cement and gravel. 

Approximately 30 billion metric tons of concrete is used each year globally in the infrastructure space to build dams, buildings, sewage systems, etc. As the world population is set to touch the eight billion mark, the demand for concrete and cement is expected to skyrocket too. Since the production of cement production releases a significant amount of CO2 into the atmosphere, it is a contributor to global warming.

Cement production accounts for nearly eight percent of global carbon emissions.Over the past years, CO2 concentration has increased from 300 ppm to 410 ppm (parts per million), an alarming situation that earth has never experienced before.